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| 乡村教师待遇改善与职业发展研究 ——来自北京市乡村教师支持计划的经验证据 |
| Research on salary improvement and career development of rural teachers -- Empirical Evidence from Rural Teacher Support Program in Beijing |
| 投稿时间：2023-07-11 修订日期：2023-07-11 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 乡村教师支持计划；特征工资理论；教师工资；教师流失 |
| 英文关键词: rural teacher support program; hedonic wage theory; teacher salary; teacher drain |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金后期资助一般项目“面向强国建设的教育资源配置研究”（22FTJB001）；北京市教育科学“十四五”规划财政研究专项课题“北京地区高校教育财政保障政策对比研究”（3020-0091）。 |
| 作者 | 单位 | 邮编 | | 李聪睿 | 康奈尔大学 | 100875 | | 时敬贻 | 北京协和医学院 | | | 张子哲* | 北京师范大学 | | | 赵楠 | 北京师范大学 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 发展乡村教育，教师是关键。本文选取2015-2020年北京地区义务教育校级数据，以《乡村教师支持计划（2015-2020 年）》为外生冲击，考察乡村教师的待遇改善和职业发展情况。基准结果表明，该政策显著改善乡村教师待遇，且对初中教师的作用高于小学教师。随后，本文利用三重差分模型验证了政策蕴含的特征工资理论，其原理是依据乡村学校的地理区位提供经济补偿，补助水平随学校偏远程度的增加而提升。从实施效果看，这一举措有效改善了低收入群体的教师收入；但政策力度在中后期乏力。进一步，本文利用2019年教师从业调查研究发现，获取乡村教师支持计划规定补贴有助于提升教师的薪资满意度，改善其家庭生活水平，降低了教师离职意愿。因此，乡村教师支持计划在巩固乡村教师队伍建设、缓解教师资源流失方面发挥了重要作用，未来应继续优化乡村教师支持体系，构建长效完善的机制方案。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Teachers are key to the development of rural education. Using school-level data of compulsory education in Beijing from 2015 to 2020, this paper investigates the salary improvement and career development of rural teachers based on the Rural Teacher Support Program (2015-2020). The benchmark results show that the policy significantly improves the salaries of rural teachers, and the effect on middle school teachers is higher than that on primary school teachers. We then use the triple difference model to test the hedonic wage theory implicit in the policy. The principle is to provide economic compensation according to the geographical location of rural schools, and the level of subsidy increases as the remoteness of schools increases. This policy has effectively improved the income of teachers in low-income groups. However, the policy intensity is weak in the middle and late periods. Furthermore, based on the survey of teachers'' employment in 2019, this paper finds that obtaining the subsidy provided by the rural teacher support plan can improve teachers'' salary satisfaction, improve their family living standards, and reduce teachers'' turnover intention. Therefore, the rural teacher support plan has played an important role in consolidating the construction of rural teacher teams and alleviating the loss of teacher resources. In the future, the rural teacher support system should be further optimized and a long-term and perfect mechanism system should be established. |
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