| 摘要: |
| 在人口数量减少、人口素质不断提升的背景下，探索高学历群体对于生育支持政策的需求具有重要的前瞻性价值，然现有研究对此关注不足。文章基于2022年对女博士研究生进行的“高学历女性生育意向”专项调查数据，首次探索了高学历女性对于生育支持政策的需求情况，重点揭示了对提升二孩生育意愿最有效的政策类型，并识别出对政策支持反应积极的群体特征。研究发现如下：其一，生育政策需求存在职业发展倾向异质性，职业发展动机较强的女博士研究生对时间支持政策（如延长产假、设立育儿假等）需求相对较弱，对于服务支持政策（如就业友好型政策）倾向性更强；其二，现行政策供给与需求存在差距，产假时长和养育补贴发放周期均未达到高学历女性的期望；其三，三类政策需求的促进效果存在差异，服务支持型政策促进效果最优，经济支持型政策次之，最后是时间支持型政策；其四，生育支持政策呈现困境缓解效应，各项生育支持政策对遭遇过生育困境的群体的生育意愿促进作用更为突显，体现了生育支持政策“雪中送炭”作用。 |
| 关键词: 高学历女性;二孩;生育意愿;生育支持政策;人口结构平衡 |
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| 基金项目:本文系国家自然科学基金面上项目“教育科技人才一体推进背景下普通高校教师聘用制度改革的理论逻辑与实践进路”(72474028)的部分成果。 |
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| Which Type of Fertility Support Policies is More Likely to Encourage Highly Educationed Women to Have a Second Child? ——From the Perspective of Service Support, Time Support, and Economic Support Policies. |
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XUMEIQI,XIONGXINYU
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| Abstract: |
| Against the backdrop of a shrinking population and a continuously improving population quality, exploring the demands of highly educated groups for fertility support policies holds significant forward-looking value. However, existing research has paid insufficient attention to this area. Based on the “Highly Educated Women's Fertility Intention”special survey data conducted among female doctors and female doctoral students in 2022, this article for the first time explores the demands of highly educated women for fertility support policies, highlighting the most effective policy types in enhancing the willingness to have a second child and identifying the characteristics of the groups that respond positively to policy support. The research findings are as follows: Primarily, there is heterogeneity in the demand for fertility policies based on career development tendencies. Women with stronger career development motivations have relatively weaker demands for time support policies (such as extending maternity leave and setting up parental leave) and a stronger inclination towards service support policies (such as employment-friendly policies). Additionally, there is a gap between the current policy supply and demand. The duration of maternity leave and the duration of child-rearing subsidy disbursement have not met the expectations of highly educated women. Furthermore, the promotion effects of the three types of policy demands vary. Service support policies have the best promotion effect, followed by economic support policies, and lastly, time support policies. Finally, fertility support policies exhibit a relief effect for those in difficult situations. Various fertility support policies have a more prominent promoting effect on the fertility intentions of groups that have encountered fertility difficulties, demonstrating the “timely assistance” role of fertility support policies. |
| Key words: Highly Educated Women ; A Second Child; Fertility Desire;Fertility Support Policies;Balanced Population Structure |
