This paper measured and analyzed the level and trend of the rural education equity in province and between provinces，and decomposed the provincial Gini coefficient in three areas of income gap，investment in education willingness and public education resources，based on the method of education Gini coefficient and dismantling，using the data in 31 provinces of rural residents in 2012—1988The research shows that the education equity in province and between provinces are within a reasonable range，the level of the education fair between provinces is determined by the regional differences，raise rural income levels，enhance investment in education and balance the willingness to public education resources are effective ways to improve the equity of rural education.