In 2014, the division of arts and science was officially cancelled in Chinese education system. However, it's a controversial topic about whether teaching in arts or science in senior high school and testing in arts or science in Gaokao. Many researches focus on the rationality of the division of arts and science in high school. However, there is a lack of empirical research about the influence of the division on the future development of university students. This paper analyzes the influence of arts and sciences division on students' college performance and employment development by using the data of Chinese Educational Panel Survey, in order to review the ability difference between arts and science students. Although there was no significant difference in their academic performance, arts students have higher College English Test-6 scores, are more willing to join the party, serve as student leaders and persue postgraduate study. In terms of employment development, there are differences in the choice of industries, employment units and jobs between arts and science students, and science students have much higher starting salary. The ability of science students can be tested more effectively by the labor market.