农村小学生可以通过课外补习提高学习成绩吗?

庞晓鹏; 严如贺; 聂景春; 罗斯高; 张林秀; 史耀疆; 庞小冬

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农村小学生可以通过课外补习提高学习成绩吗?
庞晓鹏,严如贺,聂景春,罗斯高,张林秀,史耀疆,庞小冬^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
1.庞晓鹏，中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院;2.严如贺，中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院;3.聂景春，中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院;4.罗斯高，斯坦福大学国际研究所;5.张林秀，中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;6.史耀疆，陕西师范大学教育实验经济研究所;7.庞小冬，中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院。

摘要:

本文基于西北农村小学的调查数据，研究了小学生参加课外补习的情况，并用双重差分和匹配双重差分的方法，评估了课外补习对学习成绩的影响。研究发现，成绩差的学生更多地参加了课外补习；补习资源的获取存在社会分层现象，父亲受教育水平和家庭财富都显著提高了学生参加补习的可能性。但是，参加课外补习对农村小学生的数学成绩没有显著的提高作用，原因可能是优质师资资源有限、课外补习的内容和方式不当，或者是补习教师的牟利性动机等。加强对农村小学课外补习的监督和管理，并有针对性地为农村小学生、尤其是成绩较差的学生提供有质量的补习服务，可能是缩小城乡教育差距的有效措施之一。

关键词: 农村小学生；课外补习；教育公平；双重差分

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Can Private Tutoring Improve Students’Academic Achievement In Rural Primary School?

PANG Xiao-peng, YAN Ru-he, NIE Jing-chun, SCOTT Rozelle, ZHANG Lin-xiu, SHI Yao-jiang, PANG Xiao-dong^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}

1.PANG Xiao-peng;2.YAN Ru-he;3.NIE Jing-chun;4.PANG Xiao-dong,School of Agriculture and Rural Development，Renmin University of China;5.2.SCOTT Rozelle,Freeman Spogli Institute，Stanford University;6.3.ZHANG Lin-xiu,Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy，Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research;7.4.SHI Yao-jiang,Center for Experimental Economics for Education，Shaanxi Normal University

Abstract:

This paper uses the data collected from northwest China to describe magnitude of the private tutoring in rural primary school students，and estimate the impact of private tutoring to student academic achievement by DD(difference in difference)and DDM(matching difference in difference)approach.We find that students with lower test score participate in private tutoring more than other students；the level of father's education and family wealth positively correlates with the length of tutoring time.Moreover，private tutoring does not significantly increase test-score.Reasons might be the limitations of teachers' qualification，the poor contents and organization of tutoring and the teachers' motivation to provide tutoring.Therefore，we suggest that governments should manage and control extracurricular tutoring activities properly，and provide high quality tutoring service to rural students，so as to narrow the education gap between rural and urban China.

Key words: rural primary students；private tutoring；education equality；DD model