高明华.罗兰德·小福瑞尔对种族经济学与教育经济学的贡献——2015年约翰·贝茨·克拉克奖得主学术成就评介[J].教育经济评论,2017,2(3):93-110 |
罗兰德·小福瑞尔对种族经济学与教育经济学的贡献——2015年约翰·贝茨·克拉克奖得主学术成就评介 |
Roland G. Fryer Jr.‘s Contribution to Race Economics and Economics of Education: Review of Research Achievements of the Winner of 2015 Clark Medal |
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中文关键词: 干预研究;田野实验;排斥“白化”;身份经济学;肯定行动 |
英文关键词: Intervention research;field experiment;the rejection of acting white;identity economics;affirmative action |
基金项目:2016年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“阻断贫困再生产:儿童贫困后效、实验干预与政策反思”(16JJD840001),2015年度黑龙江省社会科学研究规划年度项目“征地补偿的社会心理效应及合理补偿的助推策略”(15SHD02)。 |
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中文摘要: |
罗兰德·小福瑞尔于2015年荣膺有“小诺贝尔经济学奖”之称的约翰·贝茨·克拉克奖。在方法上他擅长大规模的干预研究和田野实验,其研究领域主要集中在三个方面:族际成就差异与教育政策评估、群体身份的经济学分析,歧视与反歧视的经济学机制。缩小族际成就差异的教育政策可以分为四类:学生干预、教师干预、学校与社区干预和学业与行为干预。对于每一种类型的教育政策,福瑞尔都以扎实的田野实验和精致的计量模型给予令人信服的效果评估,为教育政策的制定提供洞见和启示,例如发现对老师的金钱激励,提前给付比事后给付效果更好,改善学校质量比改善社区质量更有利于处境不利儿童的学业。福瑞尔也研究了少数族裔学生群体中的排斥“白化”现象,为身份经济学领域做出了独有贡献。对于肯定行动,一直存在这样的迷思,即认为色盲(color-blind)的肯定行动比色明(color-sighted)的肯定行动更有效。福瑞尔以数据证实,无论是比较短期效果还是长期效果,这都是一个错误观点。明确基于族群身份的优待比基于替代变量的所谓“种族中立”的优待政策更有效。 |
英文摘要: |
Roland G.Fryer Jr.was awarded John Bates Clark Medal in 2015. The research methods that he often uses in his studies are intervention research and field experiment.He focuses on the following research fields: the achievement gap of inter-groups and evaluation of educational policies,economics analysis of group identity,and discrimination and economics mechanisms of anti-discrimination.The educational policies that aim to reduce the achievement gaps between races can be divided into four categories: student intervention,teacher intervention,school and community intervention,and study-behavior intervention.For every kind of educational policy,Fryer provides convincing evaluations by conducting in-depth field experiment and econometric analysis.His research findings present unprecedented sights and inspirations for decision-makers.Fryer studies the rejection of “acting white” which is popular in minority group.His researches in this field make distinctive contribution to identity economics.There is a myth about affirmation action that color-blind is more effective than color-sighted.Fryer and his colleagues prove that this is a wrong opinion no matter they compare the short-term effects or long-term effects of the two kinds of action.Preferential treatment obviously based on race works more effectively than so-called race-neutral preference. |
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